Autismus ist eine neuronale Entwicklungsstörung, die durch
Schwierigkeiten in der sozialen Interaktion und Kommunikation sowie repetitive,
stereotype Verhaltensweisen und Interessen gekennzeichnet ist. Diese Merkmale
liegen bereits ab der frühen Kindheit vor, sind anhaltend und zeigen
sich über verschiedene Kontexte hinweg. Der Beitrag geht auf die
Besonderheiten im Erwachsenenalter ein, gerade wenn die Diagnose erst dann
gestellt wird.
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that starts in early childhood and
persists over the lifespan. A combination of genetic factors and environmental
factors around birth contribute to its etiology. Autistic individuals show
differences and difficulties in social interaction and communication as well as
repetitive, stereotypical behavior and interests. The diagnostic procedure is
complex and should be carried out in a specialized assessment unit. Diagnostic
assessment is based on behavioral observation and a careful evaluation of
developmental history. A wide range of potential differential diagnoses should
be considered. Autistic adults have a higher risk of developing psychiatric
disorders such as anxiety and depression. Psychotherapeutic treatment that is
adapted to autism-related difficulties can be helpful. Co-occurring conditions
should be treated in accordance with disorder-specific guidelines.
Psychopharmacological treatment of co-occurring conditions is, in most cases,
only recommended as an addition to behavioral interventions. Autistic people
often experience difficulties in social participation, which can be targeted
with sociotherapeutic interventions.
Schlüsselwörter
Autismus-Spektrum-Störung - Erwachsenenalter - klinisches Erscheinungsbild - Diagnose
- Behandlung
Key words
autism spectrum disorder - adulthood - clinical characteristics - diagnosis - treatment
